PCR Techniques and Their Clinical Applications

Emerging Optical CDMA Techniques and Applications

In this paper we present an in-depth review on the trends and the directions taken by the researchers worldwide in Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems. We highlight those trends and features that are believed to be essential to the successful introduction of various OCDMA techniques in communication systems and data networks in near future. In particular we begin by giving a c...

Magentotactic bacteria and their applications

Magentotactic bacteria are the types of bacteria capable of orientation in an external magnetic field because of the ability to produce structures called magnetosomes. Magnetosomes, nanometer-scale structures, are present in most of the magnetotactice bacteria. They are intracellular organelles composed of magnetic iron mineral crystals individually surrounded by a phospholipid layer. Because o...

Sequential Methods and Their Applications

Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Techniques and Their Applications

Dimensionality reduction is the search for a small set of variables to describe a large set of observed dimensions. Some benefits of dimensionality reduction include data visualization, compact representation, and decreased processing time. In this paper, we review two nonlinear techniques for dimensionality reduction: Isometric Feature Mapping (Isomap) and Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), and a...

Interval Diagram Techniques and Their Applications

Interval diagram techniques have been applied successfully to symbolic formal verification of process networks, Petri nets, and timed automata, outperforming conventional approaches and avoiding some of their drawbacks. Our approach is based on a novel, efficient form of representation for multi-valued functions called interval decision diagram (IDD) and the corresponding image computation tech...